Second-hand car prices in Delhi drop due to restrictions on end-of-life vehicles, says trade body

Second-hand car prices in Delhi drop due to restrictions on end-of-life vehicles, says trade body

Source : PTI | Prices of second-hand cars in the national capital have witnessed a sharp fall in recent days, with traders reporting a decline of 40 to 50 per cent, the Chamber of Trade and Industry (CTI) said on Friday.

CTI Chairman Brijesh Goyal said the market for overage vehicles in Delhi has been severely affected, with nearly 60 lakh vehicles impacted by the sudden downturn.

Continue reading “Second-hand car prices in Delhi drop due to restrictions on end-of-life vehicles, says trade body”

Stellantis bets on 17,000 euro hybrid Fiat 500 to revive ailing Italian output

Stellantis bets on 17,000 euro hybrid Fiat 500 to revive ailing Italian output

Summary

  • Launch of new hybrid 500 expected in November
  • Features 12 volt lithium battery
  • Plans upgraded 500 EV in 2027 costing 20,000 euros

TURIN, Italy, (Reuters) – Fiat aims to manufacture over 100,000 units per year of its new hybrid 500 small car, a model parent Stellantis bets on to revive its ailing production in Italy, the brand’s head Olivier Francois said on Friday.

Stellantis, which was created in 2021 from the merger of Fiat Chrysler and France’s PSA-Peugeot, last year manufactured 475,000 vehicles in Italy, from over 751,000 in 2023, with car production in particular down 46% to its lowest since 1956. Continue reading “Stellantis bets on 17,000 euro hybrid Fiat 500 to revive ailing Italian output”

IFC Invests ₹460 crore in India’s largest battery energy storage project in Gujarat

IFC Invests ₹460 crore in India’s largest battery energy storage project in Gujarat

Source : PTI | IFC, a member of the World Bank Group, on Thursday committed Rs 460 crore to IndiGrid to build India’s largest standalone battery energy storage system project in Gujarat.

The project is designed to play a key role in supporting the state’s clean energy goals by enhancing grid stability and ensuring reliable power is available during peak demand, a joint statement said. Continue reading “IFC Invests ₹460 crore in India’s largest battery energy storage project in Gujarat”

End of tax-free loophole for low-value goods disrupts air shipments to US from China

End of tax-free loophole for low-value goods disrupts air shipments to US from China

Summary

  • Air cargo demand from Asia to North America fell 10.7% in May, IATA reports
  • Low-value e-commerce shipments from China to US fell 43% in May, Aevean estimates
  • E-commerce platforms shift focus to Europe and Asia-Pacific, Rotate consultancy notes

SHANGHAI/SEOUL, (Reuters) – Air cargo shipment volume from Asia has declined by double digits since the U.S. cancelled a tax-free exemption for low-value packages from China early in May, trade groups and analysts said. Continue reading “End of tax-free loophole for low-value goods disrupts air shipments to US from China”

Tesla’s UK sales rise 12% in June from a year ago, New AutoMotive data shows

Tesla’s UK sales rise 12% in June from a year ago, New AutoMotive data shows

(Reuters) – Tesla’s new car sales in Britain grew 12% year-on-year in June, data from research group New AutoMotive showed on Friday, as the U.S. automaker started deliveries of its updated Model Y last month.

Overall, Britain’s new car registrations in June grew 12.8% from the prior year to 187,655 units, led by a 45.5% growth in battery electric vehicle sales, the data showed. Continue reading “Tesla’s UK sales rise 12% in June from a year ago, New AutoMotive data shows”

US electric vehicle tax breaks will expire on Sept. 30

US electric vehicle tax breaks will expire on Sept. 30

(Reuters) – It is the end of the line for U.S. electric vehicle tax credits.

Sweeping tax and budget legislation approved by Congress on Thursday means $7,500 tax credits for buying or leasing new electric vehicles will end on September 30, as well as a $4,000 used EV credit, that have helped juice green vehicle sales in recent years. Continue reading “US electric vehicle tax breaks will expire on Sept. 30”

Volkswagen India announces the return of Autofest –The annual National Exchange Carnival

Volkswagen India announces the return of Autofest –The annual National Exchange Carnival

Presenting an exclusive opportunity to upgrade to a Volkswagen and avail exclusive limited-period service benefits and upgrade offers, including pre-owned cars

Mumbai: Volkswagen India is proud to announce the return of Volkswagen Autofest, the brand’s highly anticipated National Exchange Carnival. This annual event is designed to offer customers across the country an exceptional opportunity to upgrade their drive and experience the premium engineering of a Volkswagen. Continue reading “Volkswagen India announces the return of Autofest –The annual National Exchange Carnival”

ChargeZone Launches India’s Largest EV Charging Hub in Bengaluru

ChargeZone Launches India’s Largest EV Charging Hub in Bengaluru

Bengaluru, 25 June 2025 — ChargeZone has inaugurated the nation’s largest and most powerful electric-vehicle charging hub in Bengaluru’s Beguru–Chikkanahalli–Bandikodgehalli Amanikere area, boasting more than 210 charging points and over 4 megawatts of installed capacity ().

📈 Key Highlights

•210+ charging points total:
•80 DC fast chargers (160 outlets)
•50 AC chargers (50 outlets)

Continue reading “ChargeZone Launches India’s Largest EV Charging Hub in Bengaluru”

JSW MG Motor sells 5,829 cars in June 2025, a 21 percent YoY Growth

JSW MG Motor sells 5,829 cars in June 2025, a 21 percent YoY Growth

New Delhi, 3 July 2025 — JSW MG Motor India has reported robust sales figures for June 2025, selling 5,829 vehicles—a growth of 21 percent year-on‑year (from 4,644 units in June 2024) . The surge was attributed primarily to strong demand for its electric models, notably the Windsor EV and ZS EV, though performance among internal-combustion engine (ICE) models remained mixed.

Continue reading “JSW MG Motor sells 5,829 cars in June 2025, a 21 percent YoY Growth”

Tesla’s German car sales continue to fall in June

Tesla’s German car sales continue to fall in June

(Reuters) – Tesla’s sales volume in Germany fell by 60% in June, the German road traffic agency KBA said on Tuesday, although sales of battery electric vehicles rose overall.

KBA said Tesla sold 1,860 cars in Germany in June, down 60% from a year earlier. The number of Teslas sold in the first half of 2025 dropped 58.2% to 8,890 units, compared with the same period last year. Continue reading “Tesla’s German car sales continue to fall in June”

Only 15 electric vehicle brands in China will survive by 2030, AlixPartners says

Only 15 electric vehicle brands in China will survive by 2030, AlixPartners says

BEIJING, (Reuters) – Only 15 out of the 129 brands that currently sell electric vehicles and plug-in hybrids in China will be financially viable by 2030, as intense competition forces consolidation and some to exit the market, consultancy AlixPartners said on Thursday.

These 15 brands are projected to account for approximately 75% of China’s EV and plug-in hybrid market by the end of the decade, each averaging annual sales of 1.02 million units, AlixPartners said, without specifying brand names. Continue reading “Only 15 electric vehicle brands in China will survive by 2030, AlixPartners says”

How China’s new auto giants left GM, VW and Tesla in the dust

How China’s new auto giants left GM, VW and Tesla in the dust

SHENZHEN – In October 2023, Chinese automaker Chery ordered engineers and suppliers to travel on short notice to proving grounds in Zhaoyuan, Shandong Province.

Over a weekend, they planned an overhaul of the suspension and steering on the Chinese version of Chery’s Omoda 5 SUV for Europe, a key market in its global expansion. The problem: The car had been designed for China’s smooth streets and slower speeds. Now, it had to withstand Europe’s winding, bumpy roads. Continue reading “How China’s new auto giants left GM, VW and Tesla in the dust”

Polestar to make new SUV in Europe from 2028

Polestar to make new SUV in Europe from 2028

STOCKHOLM, (Reuters) – Polestar said on Thursday it would make its Polestar 7 SUV model at a Volvo Cars factory in Slovakia, as the EV maker shifts more production from China and tries to cut its exposure to heavy European and U.S. tariffs.

Polestar said the two Swedish companies, both controlled by China’s Geely (GEELY.UL) and its owner Li Shufu, had signed a memorandum of understanding and the new model would launch in 2028. Continue reading “Polestar to make new SUV in Europe from 2028”

Maersk estimates effective US tariffs average 21% currently

Maersk estimates effective US tariffs average 21% currently

COPENHAGEN, (Reuters) – Maersk estimates companies pay effective U.S. import tariffs of on average 21% relative to container load, the Danish shipping group said on Wednesday, less than half the rate before Washington paused its sweeping tariffs in April.

Maersk said in a regular global market update that at its peak, shortly after April 2 when President Donald Trump unveiled tariffs against nearly all U.S. trading partners, the average effective rate was 54%. Its estimate was based on the group’s container-weighted effective average tariff rate metric. Continue reading “Maersk estimates effective US tariffs average 21% currently”

BYD’s off-road brand Fangchengbao offers discount for Huawei assisted driving system

BYD’s off-road brand Fangchengbao offers discount for Huawei assisted driving system

BEIJING, (Reuters) – Chinese electric vehicle maker BYD’s Fangchengbao brand is offering a limited-time 20,000 yuan ($2,790.33) discount for the Huawei Qiankun Advanced Driving System package, Fangchengbao said in a social media post on Wednesday.

Buyers who place their orders in July would pay 12,000 yuan for the assisted driving system package, compared with the 32,000 yuan, one-time purchase price, the post said. Continue reading “BYD’s off-road brand Fangchengbao offers discount for Huawei assisted driving system”

Xiaomi to consider selling cars outside China from 2027, CEO says

Xiaomi to consider selling cars outside China from 2027, CEO says

BEIJING, (Reuters) – China’s Xiaomi will only consider selling cars outside China from 2027, Lei Jun, CEO of the smartphone turned electric vehicle maker, said during a livestream on Wednesday.

The company has to focus on its domestic market in the meantime given robust orders for its SU7 and YU7 cars, he said. Continue reading “Xiaomi to consider selling cars outside China from 2027, CEO says”

EV maker Lucid’s quarterly deliveries rise but miss estimates

EV maker Lucid’s quarterly deliveries rise but miss estimates

(Reuters) – Electric automaker Lucid on Wednesday reported a 38% rise in second-quarter deliveries, which, however, missed Wall Street expectations amid economic uncertainty.

Demand for Lucid’s pricier luxury EVs have been softer as consumers, pressured by high interest rates, shift towards cheaper hybrid and gasoline-powered cars. Continue reading “EV maker Lucid’s quarterly deliveries rise but miss estimates”

China’s Changan plans European factory, executive says

China’s Changan plans European factory, executive says

LONDON, (Reuters) – Chinese automaker Changan plans a European factory to support its future sales on the continent and is already weighing up possible locations for the plant, an executive told Reuters on Wednesday.

“We’re committed to being in Europe, making in Europe for Europe,” said Nic Thomas, Changan’s European head of marketing, sales and service, during a test drive of the automaker’s electric Deepal S07 SUV at an event outside London. “We’re working on local manufacturing solutions here.” Continue reading “China’s Changan plans European factory, executive says”

Rivian deliveries decline sharply as tariffs hit demand

Rivian deliveries decline sharply as tariffs hit demand

(Reuters) – Rivian Automotive reported a sharp fall in second-quarter deliveries on Wednesday, as demand for its electric vehicles takes a hit from stiff competition and tariff-driven economic uncertainty, sending its shares more than 2% lower.

Trade tariffs imposed by U.S. President Donald Trump have led to a surge in manufacturing costs for the sector, with carmakers scrambling to reorganize supply chains to mitigate the hit to their businesses. Continue reading “Rivian deliveries decline sharply as tariffs hit demand”

Tesla deliveries slump, Musk’s EV maker stares at second year of falling sales

Tesla deliveries slump, Musk’s EV maker stares at second year of falling sales

Summary

  • Tesla Q2 deliveries drop 13.5%, below analyst expectations
  • Needs to deliver over 1 million EVs in H2 to meet growth goal
  • China sales rebound with refreshed Model Y
  • Shares, which have lost 25% this year, rise about 4%

(Reuters) – Tesla is headed for another year of shrinking sales after it posted a second straight drop in quarterly deliveries, dragged down by CEO Elon Musk’s right-wing political stances and an aging vehicle line-up that has turned off some buyers. Continue reading “Tesla deliveries slump, Musk’s EV maker stares at second year of falling sales”

Truckers go on strike against e-challans in Maharashtra; transporters’ body reports ‘mixed response’

Truckers go on strike against e-challans in Maharashtra; transporters’ body reports ‘mixed response’

Source : PTI | Truckers in Maharashtra went on an indefinite strike on Wednesday to protest against the e-challan system and press for other long-pending demands, disrupting goods transport services across the state, transporters’ representative said.

The transporters have complained the recovery process by authorities has become aggressive and is disrupting business operations, besides mounting fines of e-challans. Continue reading “Truckers go on strike against e-challans in Maharashtra; transporters’ body reports ‘mixed response’”

Renault to report $11 billion loss on Nissan stake in first half

Renault to report $11 billion loss on Nissan stake in first half

Summary

  • Renault to adjust Nissan stake value using current share price
  • One-off loss of 9.5 billion euros won’t hit dividends, guidance
  • Move further weakens decades-old alliance between the two firms

PARIS, (Reuters) – Renault will book a one-off loss of about 9.5 billion euros ($11 billion) on its stake in Nissan Motor, the French carmaker said on Tuesday, writing down its years-long investment in its Japanese partner that is battling slumping sales.

The move is a further loosening of ties between the companies after a two-decade-old alliance, with Renault gradually lowering its stake in Nissan and shifting largely to collaboration in specific manufacturing projects. Continue reading “Renault to report $11 billion loss on Nissan stake in first half”

Xiaomi’s YU7 car buyers face year-long wait for delivery, sparking complaints

Xiaomi’s YU7 car buyers face year-long wait for delivery, sparking complaints

Summary

  • Some 240,000 orders for SUV placed in 18 hours after its launch last Thursday
  • Only a small number of cars were ready for immediate delivery
  • Hundreds of buyers complain after learning of 38-60 week wait
  • Complaints are latest to face the electronics turned EV maker

SHANGHAI, (Reuters) – China’s Xiaomi is telling customers of its new YU7 electric sports utility vehicle they will have to wait more than a year to receive their cars, sparking a fresh wave of complaints against the company.

The smartphone turned EV maker said it received roughly 240,000 orders for the YU7 in the first 18 hours after the car went on sale on Thursday night, but only a small number of vehicles were available for immediate delivery. Continue reading “Xiaomi’s YU7 car buyers face year-long wait for delivery, sparking complaints”

Ferrari unveils new ‘Amalfi’ petrol coupe ahead of EV launch

Ferrari unveils new ‘Amalfi’ petrol coupe ahead of EV launch

Summary

  • New model replaces and upgrades Ferrari Roma
  • Selling price starts from 240,000 euros
  • First deliveries expected in first quarter 2026

MILAN, (Reuters) – Ferrari revealed its new Amalfi coupe on Tuesday as the luxury sportscar maker mixes petrol and hybrid models in its range while preparing for the launch of its first fully electric vehicle.

The eight-cylinder, 3.85-litre Amalfi replaces and upgrades the successful 2019 Roma in the entry segment of Ferrari’s range and comes just two months after the launch of the 296 Speciale hybrid car and its convertible version. Continue reading “Ferrari unveils new ‘Amalfi’ petrol coupe ahead of EV launch”

EV group urges US House to restore electric vehicle tax credits

EV group urges US House to restore electric vehicle tax credits

(Reuters) – An electric vehicle advocacy group on Tuesday urged the U.S. House to revise a bill passed by the Senate that would end the $7,500 tax credit on new electric vehicle sales and leases on September 30, as well as the $4,000 tax credit for used EVs.

The Electrification Coalition said killing the credits “driving much of the nation’s manufacturing investment at this critical juncture would effectively wave the white flag of defeat, ceding control over the future of transportation to China … The House must reject this act against the interest of the American people.” Continue reading “EV group urges US House to restore electric vehicle tax credits”

Trump escalates feud with Musk, threatens Tesla, SpaceX support

Trump escalates feud with Musk, threatens Tesla, SpaceX support

Summary

  • Trump suggests DOGE review Musk’s subsidies for savings
  • Musk criticizes tax-cut bill, calls for a new political party
  • Tesla shares drop 5.5% amid subsidy threats
  • Sales of Tesla struggle worldwide as Musk bets on robotaxis
  • Tesla sales figures due Wednesday

WASHINGTON, (Reuters) – U.S. President Donald Trump on Tuesday threatened to cut off the billions of dollars in subsidies that Elon Musk’s companies receive from the federal government, in an escalation of the war of words between the president and the world’s richest man, one-time allies who have since fallen out. Continue reading “Trump escalates feud with Musk, threatens Tesla, SpaceX support”

Tesla quarterly deliveries seen falling again

Tesla quarterly deliveries seen falling again

Summary

  • Q2 Tesla deliveries seen falling 11% y-o-y on average
  • Demand weak in Europe, China amid competition, Musk backlash
  • Analysts expect sales to fall 8% in 2025

(Reuters) – Tesla is expected to report another fall in quarterly deliveries on Wednesday as the backlash against CEO Elon Musk’s political views and competitive pressures continue to drag on demand.

While much of Tesla’s trillion-dollar valuation hangs on Musk’s bet on commercializing robotaxis, most of the company’s current revenue and profits come from its core business of selling electric vehicles – one that has been under pressure due to high interest rates and rising competition. Continue reading “Tesla quarterly deliveries seen falling again”

US second-quarter auto sales rise, tariffs may drive up prices

US second-quarter auto sales rise, tariffs may drive up prices

(Reuters) – U.S. auto sales rose in the second quarter fueled by demand for gasoline-powered vehicles, but the industry is bracing for a bumpy latter half to the year as President Donald Trump’s tariffs will likely push prices higher.

General Motors retained its top spot with a 7% rise in quarterly auto sales driven by demand for lower-cost crossover SUVs such as the Chevrolet Trax. Continue reading “US second-quarter auto sales rise, tariffs may drive up prices”

Japan auto trade ‘unfair’, could buy more US oil, Trump tells Fox News

Japan auto trade ‘unfair’, could buy more US oil, Trump tells Fox News

(Reuters) – Japan engages in “unfair” automobile trade with the United States and should increase its imports of U.S. energy resources and other goods to help reduce the U.S. trade deficit, President Donald Trump said in an interview broadcast on Sunday.

Tokyo is scrambling to find ways to get Washington to exempt Japan’s automakers from 25% automobile industry-specific tariffs, which are hurting the country’s manufacturing sector. Japan also faces a 24% so-called reciprocal tariff rate starting on July 9 unless it can negotiate a deal. Continue reading “Japan auto trade ‘unfair’, could buy more US oil, Trump tells Fox News”

Mercedes says no supply chain disruptions after China export concerns

Mercedes says no supply chain disruptions after China export concerns

STUTTGART, (Reuters) – There has been no disruption to production due to limited raw material exports from China at German carmaker Mercedes-Benz a senior executive said on Monday.

Joerg Burzer, head of production at Mercedes, said the company remained vigilant over supply chain risks, particularly a shortage of rare earths, but had not experienced any issues to date. Continue reading “Mercedes says no supply chain disruptions after China export concerns”

Tesla’s V4 superchargers begin operation in China

Tesla’s V4 superchargers begin operation in China

BEIJING, (Reuters) – Tesla’s first batch of V4 superchargers has begun operation in China, covering Shanghai, Chongqing, Gansu and Zhejiang provinces, the U.S. automaker said on Monday.

The superchargers will gradually be deployed in Beijing, Guangdong province and other Chinese localities and will be open to other electric vehicle brands, the automaker said. Continue reading “Tesla’s V4 superchargers begin operation in China”

US NHTSA launches probe into about 92,000 Jaguar Land Rover vehicles

US NHTSA launches probe into about 92,000 Jaguar Land Rover vehicles

(Reuters) – The U.S. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration said on Monday it has opened a preliminary evaluation into 91,856 Jaguar Land Rover vehicles over the risk of faulty front steering knuckles.

The auto safety agency received reports that one or both of the aluminum front steering knuckles, which connect the front tires to crucial components such as the brake assembly, had fractured in the potentially impacted vehicles. Continue reading “US NHTSA launches probe into about 92,000 Jaguar Land Rover vehicles”

Mercedes-Benz expects Q2 margin headwind of less than 3% over tariffs, brokerage Bernstein says

Mercedes-Benz expects Q2 margin headwind of less than 3% over tariffs, brokerage Bernstein says

FRANKFURT, (Reuters) – Mercedes-Benz expects tariff-related headwinds to the profit margin at its core cars division to be less than 3% in the second quarter, brokerage Bernstein wrote in a note, following a regular investor call ahead of quarterly results.

This was due to “some de-escalation of tensions between the US and China, some tariff offsets and timing because tariffs were only ramping up in April”, the brokerage said following a call with Mercedes-Benz’s head of investor relations. Continue reading “Mercedes-Benz expects Q2 margin headwind of less than 3% over tariffs, brokerage Bernstein says”

Exclusive: Nissan seeks to delay supplier payments to free up cash, company emails show

Exclusive: Nissan seeks to delay supplier payments to free up cash, company emails show

Summary

  • Nissan offers suppliers delayed payment with higher amount, emails show
  • Nissan not forcing suppliers to take offer
  • Automaker says move is to support free cash
  • Emails show Nissan’s efforts to conserve cash

TOKYO, (Reuters) – Nissan Motor has asked some suppliers to allow it to delay payments to free up short-term funds, according to several emails and a company document reviewed by Reuters, as the troubled Japanese automaker scrambles to boost cash.

New CEO Ivan Espinosa, who took over in April, has unveiled plans to shed around 15% of Nissan’s global workforce and close seven plants as he targets 500 billion yen ($3.4 billion) in cost cuts over the next two years. Continue reading “Exclusive: Nissan seeks to delay supplier payments to free up cash, company emails show”

Stellantis to recall over 250,000 US vehicles over air bag issue, NHTSA says

Stellantis to recall over 250,000 US vehicles over air bag issue, NHTSA says

(Reuters) – Chrysler parent Stellantis, opens new tab is recalling 250,651 vehicles in the U.S. due to an improperly sealed side curtain air bag, the U.S. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) said on Saturday.

The recall affects certain 2022-2025 Pacifica and Voyager vehicles. Continue reading “Stellantis to recall over 250,000 US vehicles over air bag issue, NHTSA says”

VinFast opens second domestic EV factory amid global expansion

VinFast opens second domestic EV factory amid global expansion

HANOI, (Reuters) – Vietnamese electric vehicle manufacturer VinFast began production on Sunday at its second domestic factory, aiming to ramp up output of affordable mini urban models as its global expansion plans face delays.

The new facility, located in the central province of Ha Tinh, has an initial annual capacity of 200,000 units and spans 36 hectares (90 acres), the company said in a statement. Continue reading “VinFast opens second domestic EV factory amid global expansion”

Japan auto trade ‘unfair’, could buy more US oil, Trump tells Fox News

Japan auto trade ‘unfair’, could buy more US oil, Trump tells Fox News

(Reuters) – Japan engages in “unfair” automobile trade with the United States and should increase its imports of U.S. energy resources and other goods to help reduce the U.S. trade deficit, President Donald Trump said in an interview broadcast on Sunday.

Tokyo is scrambling to find ways to get Washington to exempt Japan’s automakers from 25% automobile industry-specific tariffs, which are hurting the country’s manufacturing sector. Japan also faces a 24% so-called reciprocal tariff rate starting on July 9 unless it can negotiate a deal. Continue reading “Japan auto trade ‘unfair’, could buy more US oil, Trump tells Fox News”

China’s rare earths are flowing again, but not freely

China’s rare earths are flowing again, but not freely

Summary

  • European suppliers receive enough licences to avoid disruptions, but many permits still pending
  • China’s export restrictions cause 75% drop in rare earth magnet exports
  • U.S.-China deal aims to expedite rare earth shipments to U.S. companies

BERLIN/BEIJING, (Reuters) – (This June 27 story has been corrected to fix the name of Dexter Magnetic Technologies CEO to Joe Stupfel, not Kash Mishra, in paragraph 17) Continue reading “China’s rare earths are flowing again, but not freely”

Maharashtra transporters to go on strike from Jul 1 to protest e-challans; form panel, says Sarnaik

Maharashtra transporters to go on strike from Jul 1 to protest e-challans; form panel, says Sarnaik

Source : PTI | Maharashtra Minister Pratap Sarnaik has said the government is committed to addressing the grievances of transport operators, who have threatened to go on strike from July 1 to protest against the e-challan system for traffic violations.

The minister on Thursday directed officials to form a committee and submit a report within one month concerning the transporters’ strike threat.

Continue reading “Maharashtra transporters to go on strike from Jul 1 to protest e-challans; form panel, says Sarnaik”