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John Lawler

John Lawler

John Lawler is a distinguished automotive executive and serves as Vice Chair of Ford of Europe. With extensive experience across Ford’s global operations, he has played an important role in the company’s strategic transformation, business development, financial performance, and evolving mobility strategy.

Throughout his career at Ford Motor Company, John Lawler has held several senior leadership positions across finance, strategy and international operations. His experience has given him a broad understanding of the automotive industry’s changing business environment and the challenges of operating across global markets. Continue reading “John Lawler”

Didier Leroy

Didier Leroy

Didier Leroy is a distinguished French automotive executive with more than four decades of experience in the automotive industry. He has served as Chairman of Toyota Motor Europe, where he has played an important role in Toyota’s European operations, manufacturing strategy, business development and long-term growth.

Born in December 1957, Didier Leroy earned an engineering degree from the École Supérieure des Sciences et Technologies de l’Ingénieur de Nancy and later completed a management programme at CEDEP/INSEAD. He began his automotive career with Renault in 1982, holding a series of senior manufacturing positions across the company’s production facilities. Continue reading “Didier Leroy”

Guillaume Cartier

Guillaume Cartier

Guillaume Cartier is a seasoned automotive executive with more than three decades of experience across sales, marketing, business transformation, commercial operations and international automotive markets. He currently serves as Chief Performance Officer at Nissan Motor Corporation, having previously led Nissan’s Africa, Middle East, India, Europe and Oceania (AMIEO) region as Chairperson.

Guillaume Cartier began his career with Nissan in 1995, initially working in sales operations in France. Over the years, he progressed through a series of international leadership positions, including roles in Nissan Europe, Nissan Nordic Europe and Nissan Motor GB, gaining extensive experience in sales, marketing, retail operations and market development. Continue reading “Guillaume Cartier”

Xavier Martinet

Xavier Martinet

Xavier Martinet is a seasoned French automotive executive and the President and CEO of Hyundai Motor Europe. He assumed the role on January 1, 2025, succeeding Michael Cole. With more than 27 years of experience in the automotive industry, Martinet brings extensive expertise across sales, marketing, commercial operations, customer experience, brand management and international business.

Xavier Martinet began his automotive career at Renault in 1997 as a Sales & Marketing Assistant. Over the course of his 27-year career with Renault Group, he held increasingly senior positions across Europe and the United States, including Sales Manager at Renault Retail Group, Managing Director of Renault Italia, and Senior Vice President and Chief Marketing Officer of Dacia. His most recent Renault Group responsibilities included Senior Vice President of Commercial Services and Senior Vice President of Marketing, Sales & Operations for the Dacia brand. Continue reading “Xavier Martinet”

Jim Walenczak

Jim Walenczak

Jim Walenczak is an experienced commercial vehicle executive and currently serves as President of DAF Trucks N.V., a leading European manufacturer of heavy-duty trucks and part of the PACCAR Group. He assumed the role on July 1, 2026, succeeding Harald Seidel.

Jim Walenczak has spent more than 15 years with PACCAR, building extensive experience across truck sales, marketing, operations and commercial vehicle management. Before joining DAF, he served as Vice President of PACCAR Inc and General Manager of Kenworth Truck Company, where he was responsible for one of PACCAR’s leading truck brands. Continue reading “Jim Walenczak”

Europe EV market share tops 25% in July as France, Germany drive growth

Europe EV market share tops 25% in July as France, Germany drive growth

(Reuters) – Battery electric vehicle registrations in Europe continued to rise in July, with electric cars accounting ​for more than one in four new vehicles ‌sold as strong growth in France and Germany offset weaker demand in some other markets.

Battery electric vehicle, or BEV, ​registrations across 16 key European markets rose 13.6% ​year-on-year to 224,266 vehicles in July, giving fully electric cars ⁠a 25.7% market share, data from E-Mobility Europe, ​New Automotive and Fier Automotive showed. Continue reading “Europe EV market share tops 25% in July as France, Germany drive growth”

On Day 2 of drive, 1,499 auto, taxi drivers get notices over lack of working knowledge of Marathi

On Day 2 of drive, 1,499 auto, taxi drivers get notices over lack of working knowledge of Marathi

Source : PTI | On the second day of the state-wide drive, the Regional Transport Offices (RTOs) issued notices to 1,499 non-Marathi-speaking auto-rickshaw and taxi drivers across Maharashtra on Friday for not having enough working knowledge of Marathi language.

A senior official said 5,299 auto-rickshaw and taxi drivers were subjected to the language test across Maharashtra, excluding the Mumbai Metropolitan Region (MMR), of whom 777 were found to be lacking the working knowledge of Marathi. Continue reading “On Day 2 of drive, 1,499 auto, taxi drivers get notices over lack of working knowledge of Marathi”

Mahindra bets on ‘Scorpio Lifestyler’ to drive global export push

Mahindra bets on ‘Scorpio Lifestyler’ to drive global export push

Source : PTI | Homegrown auto major Mahindra & Mahindra is gearing up to intensify exports with its newly unveiled pickup targeting markets like South Africa, Australia, the Middle East, and Latin America, according to company ED & CEO, Auto & Farm Sectors, Rajesh Jejurikar.

The company, which has witnessed a multi-fold increase in its electric passenger vehicles sales last fiscal, is also confident of maintaining the growth trajectory with new products hitting the market, Jejurikar told PTI. Continue reading “Mahindra bets on ‘Scorpio Lifestyler’ to drive global export push”

Crude oil, US-Iran tensions and Fed cues to steer markets this week

Crude oil, US-Iran tensions and Fed cues to steer markets this week

Source : PTI | Crude oil prices and developments in the US-Iran conflict will remain the primary factors influencing stock market movements this week, according to analysts.

“Investors will closely monitor the Jackson Hole symposium, particularly comments from the US Federal Reserve Chairman, for indications on the future trajectory of interest rates. US GDP estimates, durable goods orders and consumer confidence will also provide important clues on the strength of the US economy and the Fed’s policy outlook,” Ajit Mishra – SVP, Research, Religare Broking Ltd, said. Continue reading “Crude oil, US-Iran tensions and Fed cues to steer markets this week”

Assam cab operators lift blockade after Meghalaya assures safety of vehicles

Assam cab operators lift blockade after Meghalaya assures safety of vehicles

Source : PTI | Assam cab operators on Saturday suspended their blockade against Meghalaya-registered vehicles following assurances on safety after a ministerial-level meeting between the two states.

The decision was announced after a meeting between Assam Border Protection Minister Atul Bora and Meghalaya Deputy CM S Dhar, who had been entrusted by their respective governments to resolve the crisis. Continue reading “Assam cab operators lift blockade after Meghalaya assures safety of vehicles”

Olof Persson

Olof Persson

Olof Persson is a distinguished Swedish business leader and automotive executive who serves as the Chief Executive Officer of Iveco Group. He assumed the role on 1 July 2024, succeeding Gerrit Marx, and brings extensive international experience across commercial vehicles, industrial technology, transportation, manufacturing, and corporate leadership.

Born in 1964 in Sweden, Olof Persson holds a Bachelor of Business Administration from Karlstad University, completed in 1988. He began his professional career at ABB, where he held several positions before moving into senior leadership roles in the transportation and industrial sectors. Continue reading “Olof Persson”

Christian Levin

Christian Levin

Christian Levin is a distinguished Swedish automotive executive and the President and CEO of TRATON SE, as well as President and CEO of Scania. He has spent more than three decades in the commercial vehicle industry, building extensive expertise across sales and marketing, product development, research and development, procurement, operations and global business strategy.

During his career at Scania, Christian Levin served as Director of Product Marketing, Managing Director of Italscania S.p.A., Executive Vice President and Head of Commercial Operations, and later Executive Vice President and Head of Sales & Marketing. These roles gave him broad experience across commercial operations, customer relationships, product strategy and international markets. Continue reading “Christian Levin”

Karin Rådström

Karin Rådström

Karin Rådström is a Swedish automotive executive and the President & CEO of Daimler Truck Holding AG, one of the world’s leading commercial vehicle manufacturers. She has led Daimler Truck since October 2024, bringing extensive international experience across commercial vehicles, sales, marketing, customer experience, and business transformation.

Born in 1979 in Sweden, Karin Rådström holds a Master of Engineering in Industrial Management from the Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm. She began her career at Scania in 2004 as a trainee and subsequently held a range of leadership positions across sales, marketing, connected vehicles, buses and coaches. Continue reading “Karin Rådström”

Martin Lundstedt

Martin Lundstedt

Martin Lundstedt is a distinguished Swedish automotive executive and the President and CEO of Volvo Group. He has led Volvo Group since October 2015, bringing extensive experience in the global commercial vehicle industry, particularly across manufacturing, sales, product development, sustainable transportation and business strategy.

Born on 28 April 1967 in Mariestad, Sweden, Martin Lundstedt studied at Chalmers University of Technology, where he earned a Master of Science in Mechanical Engineering. He began his professional career with Scania in 1992, joining as a trainee and progressing through a series of senior management positions during more than two decades with the company. Continue reading “Martin Lundstedt”

Michael Leiters

Michael Leiters

Michael Leiters is a distinguished German automotive executive and the Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the Executive Board of Porsche AG. He assumed the leadership of Porsche in January 2026, succeeding Oliver Blume. With more than three decades of experience across Porsche, Ferrari and McLaren, he brings extensive expertise in vehicle engineering, product development, technology, manufacturing and automotive business transformation.

Born on 12 August 1971 in Essen, Germany, Michael Leiters studied Mechanical Engineering at Ruhr University Bochum and RWTH Aachen. He completed his doctorate in engineering at the Werkzeugmaschinenlabor of RWTH Aachen University in 2000. Continue reading “Michael Leiters”

Odisha app-based auto, taxi drivers seek release of 354 seized vehicles after protest

Odisha app-based auto, taxi drivers seek release of 354 seized vehicles after protest

Source : PTI | Two days after violence during a protest by app-based riders here, the Smart City Online Auto-Taxi Drivers Union on Friday apologised for the inconvenience caused to the public and urged the government to release the vehicles seized by police.

In a video message, union president Dinabandhu Naik said the protesters accepted responsibility for the disruption. Continue reading “Odisha app-based auto, taxi drivers seek release of 354 seized vehicles after protest”

Hyundai Motor’s South Korean union stages first full strike in a decade over pay

Hyundai Motor’s South Korean union stages first full strike in a decade over pay

Summary

  • About 40,000 Hyundai Motor union members were expected to join Friday’s walkout
  • Walkouts have disrupted 55,200 vehicles worth over 2.3 trillion won, Yonhap estimates
  • Union seeks higher retirement age, 800% bonus, job protections
  • against AI and automation
  • Hyundai Motor said it was committed to finding solutions through ​dialogue

SEOUL, (Reuters) – Hyundai Motor’s South Korean union staged its first full ‌strike in a decade on Friday after wage talks stalled, as it seeks a higher retirement age and job protections against artificial intelligence and automation. Continue reading “Hyundai Motor’s South Korean union stages first full strike in a decade over pay”

Dutch regulator fines Uber $966 million for automating driver suspensions

Dutch regulator fines Uber $966 million for automating driver suspensions

Summary

  • Decision says Uber suspended driver accounts automatically without adequately informing them
  • Uber says it disputes some facts and size of fine and will appeal
  • Fine ​is second largest of its kind

AMSTERDAM, (Reuters) – The Dutch Data Protection Authority has fined Uber €825 million ($966 ‌million) for deactivating driver accounts through automated systems without adequately informing them, according to an August 17 decision reviewed by Reuters. Continue reading “Dutch regulator fines Uber $966 million for automating driver suspensions”

US highway agency expands probe into GM pickups, SUVs over engine failures

US highway agency expands probe into GM pickups, SUVs over engine failures

WASHINGTON, (Reuters) – The U.S. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration said on Friday it has upgraded and expanded a probe ​into nearly 1 million General Motors pickup trucks and SUVs over engine failures ‌that led to a recall in 2025.

The agency said it was opening an enginering analysis, a higher-level investigation than the a formal review it began this year to determine ​if the company’s fix was effective. Continue reading “US highway agency expands probe into GM pickups, SUVs over engine failures”

Explainer: What we know about the door handles that triggered China’s record auto recall

Explainer: What we know about the door handles that triggered China’s record auto recall

Summary

  • Tesla and others recall nearly 4.3 million vehicles in China
  • Recall is over electronic door handles and their use in emergencies
  • China to ban hidden door handles from 2027
  • US and Europe considering standards for electronic handles

(Reuters) – Electronic door handles of the kind that are at the center of China’s largest-ever vehicle ​recall have proliferated across the globe over the past decade, especially on electric vehicles. Continue reading “Explainer: What we know about the door handles that triggered China’s record auto recall”

Tesla and others begin record vehicle recall in China

Tesla and others begin record vehicle recall in China

Summary

  • China’s largest auto recall campaign yet concerns 4.3 million vehicles
  • Tesla to recall 2.98 million vehicles
  • China bans hidden door handles from 2027

BEIJING, (Reuters) – Tesla and eight other automakers said on Friday they will recall a total of about 4.3 million vehicles ​in China over concerns that doors may be difficult to open in an emergency, marking the country’s largest automotive recall. Continue reading “Tesla and others begin record vehicle recall in China”

Benedetto Vigna

Benedetto Vigna

Benedetto Vigna is an Italian physicist, technology leader, and business executive who serves as the Chief Executive Officer of Ferrari. He has led Ferrari since September 2021, bringing a strong technology and innovation background to one of the world’s most iconic luxury automotive and performance brands.

Born on 10 April 1969 in Potenza, Italy, Benedetto Vigna grew up in Pietrapertosa and graduated with honours in Physics from the University of Pisa in 1993. Early in his career, he gained research experience at institutions including CERN in Geneva, the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility in Grenoble, and the Max Planck Institute in Munich. Continue reading “Benedetto Vigna”

PB Balaji

PB Balaji

PB Balaji is a distinguished global business and automotive leader who serves as the Chief Executive Officer of Jaguar Land Rover (JLR). He took charge of JLR in November 2025, becoming the first Indian to lead the British luxury automotive company. With nearly three decades of experience across the automotive and consumer goods industries, he brings extensive expertise in finance, supply chain, business transformation, and global operations.

An alumnus of IIT Madras, where he earned a degree in Mechanical Engineering, PB Balaji also holds a Post-Graduate Diploma in Management from IIM Calcutta. He began his professional career with Unilever in 1995, taking on a series of finance and supply chain leadership roles across India, Singapore, Switzerland and the UK. He later served as CFO and Executive Director – Finance & IT at Hindustan Unilever. Continue reading “PB Balaji”

François Provost

François Provost

François Provost is a distinguished French automotive executive and the Chief Executive Officer of Renault Group. He brings more than two decades of experience with Renault across international operations, strategy, procurement, partnerships, public affairs, and business development. He was appointed CEO of Renault S.A. and Chairman of Renault s.a.s. on 31 July 2025.

François Provost is a graduate of École Polytechnique and École des Mines de Paris. He began his career in the French Ministry of Economy and Finance, working in the Treasury Department, and later served as an advisor to the French Minister of Defense before joining Renault in 2002. Continue reading “François Provost”

Antonio Filosa

Antonio Filosa

Antonio Filosa is an Italian automotive executive and the Chief Executive Officer and Executive Director of Stellantis, one of the world’s leading global automotive groups. He took over as CEO in June 2025, succeeding Carlos Tavares, bringing more than 25 years of experience across automotive manufacturing, purchasing, operations, quality, business strategy, and international markets.

During his career with Fiat and FCA, Antonio Filosa held leadership responsibilities across manufacturing, purchasing, logistics, strategic planning, product development, and commercial operations. He spent significant time in Brazil, where he held several senior positions and ultimately became Chief Operating Officer for South America in 2018. His leadership in the region included major manufacturing and business operations and helped strengthen the group’s presence across Latin America. Continue reading “Antonio Filosa”

Milan Nedeljković

Milan Nedeljković

Milan Nedeljković is a distinguished German-Serbian automotive executive and the Chairman of the Board of Management of BMW AG. He assumed the position on 14 May 2026, succeeding Oliver Zipse, and brings more than three decades of experience within the BMW Group across manufacturing, production, quality, and corporate leadership.

Born in 1969 in Kruševac, Serbia, Milan Nedeljković studied Mechanical Engineering at RWTH Aachen University and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). He later earned a Doctor of Engineering (Dr.-Ing.) from the Technical University of Munich, specialising in metal forming and casting. Continue reading “Milan Nedeljković”

Maruti Suzuki FRONX becomes the fastest SUV to clock 2 lakh exports from India in record time

Maruti Suzuki FRONX becomes the fastest SUV to clock 2 lakh exports from India in record time

  • Two lakh exports achieved in under 38 months
  • The Made-in-India SUV is being exported to close to 90 countries

New Delhi: Maruti Suzuki India Limited (“Maruti Suzuki”) today announced that its popular SUV, FRONX, has crossed the milestone of 2 lakh exports in under 38 months, becoming the fastest SUV from India to achieve this feat** . Continue reading “Maruti Suzuki FRONX becomes the fastest SUV to clock 2 lakh exports from India in record time”

China Evergrande founder sentenced to life in prison

China Evergrande founder sentenced to life in prison

Summary

  • Hui pleaded guilty to 8 charges, including fraud, bribery
  • Evergrande fined $1.3 billion, Hui’s property to be confiscated
  • Court says their crimes cause significant economic loss, social harm
  • Hui was once Asia’s richest person, Evergrande China’s top developer

HONG KONG/SHENZHEN, China, (Reuters) – The founder of China Evergrande Group, the world’s most-indebted property developer, was sentenced to life in prison by a Chinese ‌court on Thursday, five years after the firm’s collapse shook the nation’s economy and financial markets. Continue reading “China Evergrande founder sentenced to life in prison”

Chery’s robot unit eyes IPO, targets overseas market for police robots

Chery’s robot unit eyes IPO, targets overseas market for police robots

Summary

  • AiMOGA targets 10,000 global robot deliveries next year, chief Zhang says
  • Company has deployed 110 humanoid police robots across multiple Chinese cities
  • Zhang said overseas demand may be stronger in Middle East and Southeast Asia

BEIJING, (Reuters) – The robotics division of China’s largest auto exporter Chery Automobile is gearing up ​for an IPO to fund future growth and investments, its chief said on Wednesday, as competition intensifies in the country’s fast-growing humanoid robot ‌sector. Continue reading “Chery’s robot unit eyes IPO, targets overseas market for police robots”

US could cut key tariffs as part of proposed Canada deal, source says

US could cut key tariffs as part of proposed Canada deal, source says

Summary

  • Source says proposed deal cuts top-line tariff on Canadian-built autos to 15% from 25%
  • Source says proposed deal halves top-line tariffs on Canadian steel and aluminum to 25%
  • Tariffs on $20 billion of Canadian goods are scheduled to take effect on Saturday

WASHINGTON/OTTAWA, (Reuters) – The ​U.S. and Canada are closing in on a trade deal in which Washington could cut some contentious tariff rates on Canadian-built cars and trucks, ‌and key metals, a source familiar with the matter said on Wednesday. Continue reading “US could cut key tariffs as part of proposed Canada deal, source says”

LG Energy, once fixed on EV batteries, jumps to Plan B

LG Energy, once fixed on EV batteries, jumps to Plan B

Summary

  • Most of LG Energy’s North American factories are making storage batteries
  • LG’s new Michigan plant plans to produce cells for Tesla and Toyota
  • LG’s switch to energy storage from EVs requires new chemistry

(Reuters) – A few years ago, battery manufacturer LG Energy Solution was racing to make cells for electric ‌vehicles. Today, its focus has mostly flipped to a new product: energy storage batteries. Continue reading “LG Energy, once fixed on EV batteries, jumps to Plan B”

Maharashtra to videograph driver badge tests for Marathi compliance from Aug 20

Maharashtra to videograph driver badge tests for Marathi compliance from Aug 20

Source : PTI | Maharashtra Transport Minister Pratap Sarnaik on Wednesday said the entire process of verifying Marathi language knowledge while issuing new badges to auto-rickshaw and taxi drivers will be videographed from Thursday.

The measure was aimed at ensuring transparency in the implementation of the amended motor vehicle rules, making “working knowledge” of Marathi mandatory for such drivers, Sarnaik said at a press conference in Mantralaya. Continue reading “Maharashtra to videograph driver badge tests for Marathi compliance from Aug 20”

CBI registers case against BluSmart’s founders Anmol Singh Jaggi and Puneet Singh Jaggi

CBI registers case against BluSmart’s founders Anmol Singh Jaggi and Puneet Singh Jaggi

Source : PTI | The CBI has registered a case against Gensol Engineering Ltd and the founders of BluSmart EV taxi service, Anmol Singh Jaggi and Puneet Singh Jaggi, over causing alleged loss of over ₹672 crore to IREDA, officials said Wednesday.

The action comes on a complaint filed by The Indian Renewable Development Agency (IREDA), which had alleged that it extended loans to Gensol Engineering Limited and its subsidiary, Gensol EV Lease Limited, for procuring Electric Vehicles for the BluSmart EV ride-hailing service, the FIR said. Continue reading “CBI registers case against BluSmart’s founders Anmol Singh Jaggi and Puneet Singh Jaggi”

Maharashtra gives drivers time to learn Marathi before action

Maharashtra gives drivers time to learn Marathi before action

Source : PTI | The Maharashtra government would give auto-rickshaw and taxi drivers an opportunity to learn Marathi before taking action for failing to comply with the language requirement under amended motor vehicle rules, state Transport Minister Pratap Sarnaik said on Tuesday.

The government would not immediately cancel permits or licenses of drivers who do not know Marathi, Sarnaik assured, stressing that the aim was not to deprive them of their livelihood but to ensure those providing passenger transport services in Maharashtra possess a working knowledge of the language. Continue reading “Maharashtra gives drivers time to learn Marathi before action”

Delhi to introduce electric tourism buses connecting 21 heritage, spiritual sites

Delhi to introduce electric tourism buses connecting 21 heritage, spiritual sites

Source : PTI | Delhi is set to introduce two air-conditioned electric buses for tourism, with the vehicles planned to connect four curated circuits covering 21 heritage, spiritual and cultural sites across the capital, according to documents issued by DTTDC.

The Delhi Tourism and Transportation Development Corporation Limited (DTTDC) has invited bids for supplying two nine-metre air-conditioned electric buses for tourism purposes, according to the tender document.

Continue reading “Delhi to introduce electric tourism buses connecting 21 heritage, spiritual sites”

Maruti Suzuki dominates PV exports with top three models in Q1

Maruti Suzuki dominates PV exports with top three models in Q1

Source : PTI | Maruti Suzuki India Ltd on Tuesday said the top three passenger vehicle models exported from India in the first quarter of the ongoing fiscal are from its stable.

The company, which witnessed its FRONX cross the milestone of 2 lakh exports in under 38 months, said it garnered more than 55 per cent share in passenger vehicle (PV) exports from India in the first quarter.

Continue reading “Maruti Suzuki dominates PV exports with top three models in Q1”

US SEC sues former executives of collapsed auto lender Tricolor

US SEC sues former executives of collapsed auto lender Tricolor

Summary

  • SEC alleges Tricolor executives double-pledged hundreds of millions of dollars of subprime loans
  • Agency seeks disgorgement, penalties and industry bars for two of the executives
  • Former CEO’s lawyer says allegations are ​inaccurate

HOUSTON, Aug 18 (Reuters) – The U.S. Securities ‌and Exchange Commission on Tuesday sued the former CEO and two other top executives of Tricolor, the latest fallout after the collapse of the Texas-based used-car seller and subprime lender last year. Continue reading “US SEC sues former executives of collapsed auto lender Tricolor”

Einride forecasts faster growth, adds 500 Tesla Semi trucks to fleet

Einride forecasts faster growth, adds 500 Tesla Semi trucks to fleet

(Reuters) – Einride AB said it expects revenue growth rate to more than double in the second half of ​the year and announced a deal to add 500 Tesla ‌Semi trucks to its fleet, sending its shares soaring 12% in early trading on Tuesday.

The Swedish freight technology company said the first Tesla Semi deployments are expected in September. Continue reading “Einride forecasts faster growth, adds 500 Tesla Semi trucks to fleet”

China’s Pony.ai plans to deploy more than 4,000 robotaxis abroad

China’s Pony.ai plans to deploy more than 4,000 robotaxis abroad

BEIJING, (Reuters) – Chinese autonomous driving company Pony.ai has a pipeline of planned and potential overseas robotaxi ​deployments of more than 4,000 vehicles, it said on Tuesday, as it ‌seeks to accelerate its expansion beyond China.

Autonomous driving firms are racing to commercialise robotaxi services overseas. Continue reading “China’s Pony.ai plans to deploy more than 4,000 robotaxis abroad”