Summary
- Mexico, US open detailed negotiations to revise USMCA
- USTR wants minimum US content in Mexican-built vehicles, sources say
- US eyes preferential treatment for North American ‘melted and poured’ steel
MEXICO CITY, (Reuters) – U.S. and Mexican negotiators began formal talks to revamp the North American trade deal on Thursday, with Washington demanding stricter regional rules of origin, including a U.S.-specific minimum level of content for cars and trucks built in Mexico.
The new standard is contained in proposed texts to modify the U.S.-Mexico-Canada Agreement, two people familiar with the U.S. negotiating position told Reuters.
The specific percentage of U.S. automotive content sought by the U.S. Trade Representative’s office was not immediately available, but the shift is significant from the existing USMCA’s content requirements for preferential North American market access.
The six-year-old trade deal and its predecessor pact have created a highly integrated North American economy, underpinning nearly $1.6 trillion in annual trilateral trade, but its future hinges on negotiations over the coming months.
USMCA currently requires 75% of a vehicle’s value to be sourced from North America, with a separate regional value requirement that 40% of North American-built passenger car content come from higher-wage facilities, effectively in the U.S. or Canada. That threshold, which is 45% for pickup trucks, is based on a list of “core parts” including engines, transmissions, body panels and chassis components.
Another source familiar with the talks said that the U.S. wants to revise the core parts list to include major electronics modules that are now largely produced in Asia. The change would be aimed at shifting more electronics production to Mexico.
It was unclear whether the U.S.-specific automotive content demand would replace the prior regional value requirement that includes Canada or stack on top of it.
The U.S. and Mexico are excluding Canada from the current talks, with plans for three bilateral negotiating rounds through late July, the USTR said on Wednesday. This includes the current round of talks ending Friday in Mexico City.
The USTR will likely try to agree on a U.S.-specific content provision with Mexico that is then presented to Canada as a take-it-or-leave-it proposition, as it did in 2019 at the end of the original USMCA negotiations, auto industry officials said.
Lana Payne, national president of Unifor, which represents auto workers at General Motors, Ford and Stellantis plants in Canada, called the proposal “one-sided,” adding that the Trump administration was ignoring its commitments for duty-free trade under USMCA.
“U.S. negotiators are demanding one-sided rules changes, while at the same time continuing to violate the terms of the agreement,” Payne said in a statement. “In what world is that acceptable?”
A USTR spokesperson did not address the specific rules of origin demands, but said that the U.S. wanted “to ensure USMCA serves the interests of U.S. workers and businesses across all sectors.”
Mexico’s economy ministry declined to comment.
U.S. Trade Representative Jamieson Greer said on Tuesday he wanted to strengthen North American rules of origin “in a way that enhances U.S. content in these goods” to boost manufacturing in the United States.
DUTY-FREE ZONE ENDS
Talks over the review are complicated by the Trump administration’s global tariffs of 25% on autos and auto parts and 50% on steel, aluminum and copper, effectively ending three decades of duty-free North American trade.
Greer said Washington will maintain at least some tariffs on Mexican and Canadian industrial goods, but possibly at preferential rates.
Dan Ujczo, a lawyer with Canadian oil and gas producer Cenovus Energy who specializes in North American trade, is optimistic that the U.S. and Mexico, and eventually Canada, can overcome their differences to modify and extend the trade pact with stronger regional content rules and more trade protections against non-market economies such as China.
“The end game continues to be that Canada and Mexico have to be able to walk away with the most preferential access to the United States of any countries in the world in the medium term to long term,” Ujczo said.
MORE STEEL PROTECTIONS
Barry Zekelman, CEO of steel tube maker Zekelman Industries, said steelmakers were told on Wednesday that USTR negotiators will push for a requirement that Mexican and Canadian steel receiving preferential U.S. tariff treatment be melted and poured in North America.
There is no such requirement in the current USMCA, and Zekelman told Reuters that it would reduce a flood of Chinese steel components into Mexican manufacturing operations.
The USTR also wants Mexico to match U.S. tariffs on steel imports and derivative products made from steel on imports from outside North America, Zekelman said.
“What they’re going to do now is start to close all of the loopholes that still exist,” he added.
Reporting by David Lawder and Emily Green in Mexico City; Additional reporting by Kalea Hall in Detroit; Writing by David Lawder; Editing by Alexander Smith, Rod Nickel and Thomas Derpinghaus
